with machine

[məˈʃiːn] ماكينَه، آله آلة سَيْر، دَرّاجَه ناريَّه يَصَنِّع آليّاً يُخيط بِماكِنَة الخِياطَه

آلة \ engine: a machine that produces power: A steam engine; a petrol engine; a powerful engine. implement: a tool, esp. one used for farming. instrument: a tool or device with which sth. is done (esp. by doctors, engineers, skilled men, etc.): A knife is a sharp instrument. Electrical and scientific instruments are made there. machine: a device whose parts work together to perform some useful action: Is that your sewing machine? That motorbicycle is a powerful machine. \ See Also محرك (مُحَرِّك)، أداة (أَدَاة)، مَاكِنَة

The jacquard machine is an essential addition to looms intended for weaving ornamental designs that are beyond the scope of stave -work. The machine is made in many forms and sizes for different branches of the weaving industry, but its characteristic feature is that it furnishes the means whereby every individual thread in a design may weave differently from all the others. This permits the delineation of all forms and shapes and the fineness of the detail is only limited by the texture, e.g., the number of ends and picks per inch. The action of the jacquard machine is communicated to the warp threads through a system of cords known variously as the harness mounting and jacquard harness. Actually, loom harness ante-dated the jacquard machine by many centuries, and many draw loom harnesses were much more complicated than modern jacquard harnesses. An essential feature of a jacquard is that each hook in the machine can be lifted at will independently of the others. The selection of which hooks shall lift and which shall be left down is made by the designer, by painting marks on squared paper to indicate the hooks that must be lifted on each pick. In cutting the pattern cards, a hole is cut for every mark or filled square on the design paper, and a blank is left for every empty square on the paper. Assuming that each pattern card represents one pick of weft, when the card is pressed against the needles of the jacquard, the blanks push the unwanted needles and hooks out of the path of the lifting griffe; the holes allow the needles to pass through and thus remain stationary, so that the corresponding hooks remain in the path of the lifting griffe and cause the corresponding warp threads to be lifted. Jacquard: Single-lift, single-cylinder - In this machine there is only one griffe which lifts on every pick, and only one pattern cylinder, which strikes every pick. This restricts the speed at which the loom can be operated. Jacquard: Double-lift, single-cylinder - This is the machine in most common use for ordinary jacquard work. There are two lifting griffes and twice as many hooks as in a single-lift machine, but only the same number of needles and one card cylinder. The shed formed is of the semi-open type, which causes less movement of the warp threads, as any threads which require to be up for two or more picks in succession are arrested in their fall and taken up again. Double-lift jacquards give a greatly increased loom production as compared with single-lift machines, as they permit the speed of the loom to be increased to about 180 picks per minute for narrow looms, as compared with 120 to 140 picks per minute for single-lift jacquards. Jacquard: Double-lift, double-cylinder - In this machine there are two sets of hooks and needles, two lifting griffes and two card cylinders, odd picks in one set of cards and even picks in the other set. This permits maximum loom speed, it prolongs the life of the pattern cards, but is open to the serious drawback that spoiled cloth is caused whenever the two card cylinders get out of correct rotation. Jacquard: Cross Border - Fabrics with borders, such as tablecloths, bed quilts, etc., are woven with jacquards with two griffes, two sets of hooks and two card cylinders. The cards for weaving the border are laced together and weave on one cylinder, while the centre cards are on the other cylinder. The loom weaves at the speed of a single-cylinder, single-lift machine, and the change from the border to the centre cards can be made by hand or automatically

قَبَّان \ balance: an instrument for weighing sth. by comparing it with objects of known weight by its pull on a spring. scales: a weighing machine that uses a spring: He went on the scales (he weighed himself). weighing machine: a machine for weighing (esp. for large objects). \ See Also ميزان (مِيزان)‏ \ مِيزَان \ balance: an instrument for weighing sth. by comparing it with objects of known weight by its pull on a spring. scales: a weighing machine with two dishes, for weighing things by comparison with metal blocks of known weight, a weighing machine that uses a spring: He went on the scales (he weighed himself). weighing machine: a machine for weighing (esp. for large objects).

A machine for opening hard-twisted woollen, worsted, cotton and silk wastes; also for use in succession to the rag-tearing machine in further opening the material and preparing it for the subsequent process of carding. The machines are made ' with one, two, three or more swifts, with self-contained component parts, while the back and front parts of the machine are detachable and can be moved away on rails. The material is fed to the machine either by hand or through an automatic feeder, and after passing between feed rollers is subjected to the first opening process by encountering the teeth or " Garnett " clothing on a licker-in roller. The points of this clothing pass through the material held by the feed rollers, and carry forward any loose fibres liberated from their grip. Continuing its course through the machine the material is carried on to the first large cylinder or swift, which is also covered with " Garnett " clothing, the points of which are keener than those on the licker-in roller.

A nap raising machine used in cloth finishing in which the nap is produced by passing the cloth into contact with a number of rollers covered with card wire. The raising rollers are covered with steel wire filleting. They are mounted around the circumference of a large cylinder in a manner so that alternate rollers can be rotated in clockwise and counter-clockwise directions for pile and counter pile raising. Speed change mechanism is provided for varying the speed of the fabric through the machine, and with some cloths productions can be up to 30 yards per minute.

Function: To distribute a finely diffused cloud of moisture on to the cloth. Description: There is a lead-lined trough to hold the water (fed with an automatic tap) in which a wood roller revolves. Over this roller revolves a brush (specially made for the purpose) which distributes the water in the form of fine " dew " or " mist," upon the cloth passing over it. There is an adjusting arrangement by which the amount of water put into the cloth may be regulated. The machine is also fitted with a cuttling motion and scray. This machine is gaining favour at the cost of machines which embody jets for distributing the water. The standard width is for 66-in. cloth, but any width can be made to order

A machine for washing raw wool usually arranged with four bowls. Each of these is provided with a pair of squeezing rollers and also rake mechanism for propelling the wool through the liquor towards the outlet end. The constituents of the detergents in the bath are progressively weaker from the first or steeping bowl, to the last or rinsing bowl. Some wool washing machines have a spiral conveyor below the perforated plates of the bowls, and which is slowly rotated to remove the dirt from the machine.

The printing of textile fabrics is done in four general methods or styles (as illustrated) namely: - Direct Style - The printing colour is applied direct to the cloth and is afterwards fixed by steaming. Dyed Style - The cloth is printed with a mordant and afterwards dyed in a mordant dye, which dye is only taken up where the mordant has been printed. Or the cloth is dyed with a mordant, and the mordant discharged where required by printing with acids, then dyed with colour, leaving white where the acid is printed. Discharge Style - The cloth is first dyed then printed with a chemical to discharge the colour and leave a white pattern or a dyed ground. Resist Style - The cloth is printed with some chemical, then dyed, and where the cloth has not been printed it is coloured with the dye, the printed portions do not take up the dye

This machine has four lines of drawing rollers similar to those on a drawing frame. It drafts the narrow laps from the sliver lap machine, generally with the same draft as there are doublings, e.g., if six laps are fed the draft will be 6: 1. There are six sets of drafting rollers and after drafting, the laps from each drawing head are superimposed one on top of the other and the whole consolidated into one combined lap by calendering. The superimposing and drafting of the laps produces a more uniform combined lap for the combing machine, than is obtained from the sliver lap machine.

A machine for splitting flax, etc., to the finest condition. Also to comb out impurities from the fibres and leave them straight and parallel. The combs or hackles are formed of steel wire teeth of varying degrees of fineness, beginning with coarse and ending with fine. The product is "dressed flax" or "line flax" and the refuse is " hackling tow."

A machine sometimes used in place of the sliver-lap and ribbon-lap machines, for making comber laps directly from the carded sliver. Usually there are three or four deliveries per machine, each with 12 up to 16 cans of sliver. The slivers pass through four pairs of draft rollers, and are afterwards combined to form a lap for the comber.

This is a large machine used in cotton manufacturing for coating the warp yarn with a size mixture. The required number of beams, four to eight, to make the complete warp are placed in the beam creel at the back of the machine. All the threads from these beams are drawn together into one sheet of ends, passed through the size box, between squeezing rollers, dried by hot cylinders or hot air, then passed round a measuring roller on to the weaver's beam at the front. Each back beam contains about 500 threads and lengths vary up to 12,000 yards or more according to counts. This constitutes a " taper's set."

Woollen cloths were originally felted by being trampled underfoot while saturated with a suitable felting liquor. The " stocks " reproduce this treading action, thereby not merely compressing the fabric and ensuring contraction in a general sense, but also bursting the thread structure, thus developing the typical woollen fabric in a manner quite beyond the milling machine. The milling part of the machine takes the form of a huge hammer head, raised by a revolving wheel a certain height and then allowed to drop of its own weight upon the cloth or positively driven against the cloth by crankshaft action.